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Architecture Guide: Home Features
Arches
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Arches are used to open walls for windows, doorways, and porticos. Before the arch was invented, a straight lintel, or beam, made of heavy stone or wood was the only way to support an opening in a wall; arches allowed for much larger openings that let in more air and light. The keystone is the large wedge-shaped stone at the top of some arches that holds the other stones in place and the voussoirs are the wedge-shaped stones surrounding the arch.
Flat
Flat arches are either level or have a slightly curved arch. This arch has supportive voussoirs, which are wedge-shaped stones or bricks.
Gothic
Gothic arches, also called pointed arches, are narrow and pointed at the top. They were seen during the Gothic period in Europe from about middle 12th century to the 16th century. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries in America, a Gothic Revival style incorporated these pointed arches into homes and buildings.
Moorish
Moorish arches, also called Horseshoe Arches, have an exotic shape. They're most likely to be seen on commercial buildings such as theaters. A Moorish Revival style of the early 20th century in America reintroduced this arch style into the architecture scene.
Roman
Roman arches are semi-circular and were first used widely by Roman engineers. Using arches and concrete, the Romans were able to build on a previously unseen scale. This rounded arch style is seen today in the Spanish Colonial architectural style and the Richardsonian Romanesque style, as well as others based on Classical Roman architecture.
Segmental
Segmental arches have a partial curve, like an eyebrow. One of the earliest examples of a segmental arch in the West is the Ponte Vecchio Bridge in Florence, Italy, which was built in the 14th century.
Tudor
Tudor arches have a low point and are seen mostly on Tudor Revival and Gothic Revival styles of architecture, both popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in America. These arches are based on the architecture of the English Tudor period of the 16th century.
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