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C O N T E N T S
Impact Fee Basics
The Impacts of Impact Fees
Legal & Legislative Concerns
Federal Tax Treatment of Impact Fees
Books, eBooks & Other Resources
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Impact fees, or development fees, are expenditures that developers are required to make as a precondition to approval of their project. Impact fees are generally used to finance roads, schools, affordable housing, transit systems and other projects and services in municipalities throughout the United States. The fees are frequently passed on by developers to purchasers in the price of a new property and, therefore, increase the cost of housing and decrease the profitability of a particular project. This page includes articles, studies, Supreme Court decisions and other material on the debate over impact fees.
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WHAT'S THE PASSWORD?
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 - Articles marked with a red Q are provided by ProQuest for NAR members only. Please enter NAR's Proquest password if required.
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 - Articles marked with the REALTOR® "R" are available on Realtor.org. Your Realtor.org ID and password may be required. |
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Impact Fee Basics
Impact fees: crunching the numbers, (Tierra Grande, October 2007).
Best and worst methods of calculating impact fees, (PM. Public Management, September 2006). 
NAR's position on impact fees, (National Association of REALTORS®, May 2003). 
Impact Fees, (Wisconsin REALTORS® Association, 2004).
The Incidence of development fees and special assessments, (National Tax Journal, Mar. 1998).
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The Impacts of Impact Fees
Rising use of 'impact' fees riles new-home buyers, (Wall Street Journal, November 21, 2007).
Building fee increases and reduced housing affordability, (National Association of Home Builders, July 18, 2007).
Paying for prosperity: impact fees and job growth, (The Brookings Institution, June 2003).
Effects of impact fees on the suburban Chicago housing market, (Heartland Policy Study No. 93, Nov. 1999).
The impact of property taxes and growth restrictions on real estate prices, (University of South Carolina - Center for Applied Real Estate Education & Research, n.d.). |
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1999 NCSL User Fee Study
NAR helped the National Council of State Legislatures (NCSL) fund a study on user fees and how state governments can and might pay for the infrastructure needed to support housing and businesses. Follow this link for the full text of the study:
The Appropriate Role of User Fees and Charges in State and Local Finance, (Denver, CO: National Conference of State Legislatures, July 1999).
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Books, eBooks & Other Resources
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Books, Videos, Research Reports & More
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The resources below are available for loan through Information Central. Up to three books, tapes, CDs and/or DVDs can be borrowed for 30 days from the Library for a nominal fee of $10. Call Information Central at 800.874.6500 for assistance.
Bargaining for development: A handbook on develoment agreements, annexation agreements, land development conditions, vested rights, and the provision of public facilities, (Washington, DC: Environmental Law Institute, 2003).
An empirical investigation of the effects of impact fees on housing and land markets, (Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2002).
Exactions and Impact Fees: A Handbook for Real Estate Development, (Arlington, VA: National Association of Industrial & Office Parks/International Association of Corporate Real Estate Executives, 1991).
A Practitioner's Guide to Development Impact Fees, (Chicago, IL: American Planning Association, 1991).
Development Exactions, (Chicago, IL: American Planning Association, 1987).
Impact Fees and Commercial Real Estate: Issues and Consequences, (Arlington, VA: National Association of Industrial & Office Parks, 1991).
A Model State Act: Development Impact Fees, (Alexandria, VA: International Council of Shopping Centers/Siemon, Larson & Purdy, 1990).
Paying for Growth: Using Impact Fees to Finance Infrastructure, (Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute, 1986).
Development Impact Fees: Policy Rationale, Practice, Theory, and Issues, (Chicago, IL: Planners Press, 1988).
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The material on this page is presented by
NAR's Information Central.
Updated January 2008
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